Define Mean arterial pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure produced during the cardiac cycle. It is calculated by addin one-third of the PP to the diastolic pressure.
MAP = DBP + 1/3PP
Because the duration of the systole is less than the duration of the diastole, the MAP is slightly less than the value halfway between systolic and diastolic pressure. MAP also determines tissue perfusion
What are the factors affecting surfactant
Surfactant decreases due to:
1. long-term inhalation of 100% O2, (as occurs during cardiac surgery)
2. occlusion of main bronchus,
3. occlusion of one pulmonary artery,
4. cigarette smoking, and
5. cutting both the vagi.
Surfactant increases due to:
1. thyroid hormones, increase the size and number of inclusion bodies in type II alveolar lining epithelial cells,
2. glucocorticoids, speed up the maturation of surfactant.
3. Absence of GM-CSF
What are the types vessels
A) Windkessel (distensible) vessels
eg;-aorta, pulmonary artery and their larger branches
(B) Resistance vessels
eg:- arterioles, meta-arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters.
(C) Exchange vessels
eg:-capillaries
(D) Capacitance vessels,
eg:- venules and venous compartments
(E) Shunt (thoroughfare) vessels.
what are the factors affecting heart rate
Factors affecting heart rate are;-
Age
Sex
Body temperature
Drugs
Emotional stimuli
Exercise
Painful stimuli
Respiration
What are the factors affecting arterial BP
Factors affecting arterial BP are;-
Age
Sex
Body built
Climate
Diurnal variation
Exercise
Emotion
Gravity
Posture
Sleep
What is systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure
Systolic blood pressure (BP):- is defined as the maximum pressure produced during the cardiac cycle. It is recorded during systole. Therefore, it is called systolic blood pressure.
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) :-is defined as the minimum pressure recorded during the cardiac cycle .It is recorded during diastole. Therefore, it is called diastolic pressure.
Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure produced during the cardiac cycle. It is calculated by addin one-third of the PP to the diastolic pressure.
MAP = DBP + 1/3PP